Analisis Komparatif Prinsip Bunga dan Bagi Hasil pada Produk Tabungan Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah di Indonesia

Abstract

The dual banking system in Indonesia comprises conventional banks operating on interest-based principles and Islamic banks adhering to profit-sharing mechanisms. This distinction is particularly evident in savings products, where the fundamental difference lies in the compensation structure offered to customers. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the interest and profit-sharing principles applied to savings products in conventional and Islamic banks in Indonesia. Employing a library research method, this study reviews relevant literature, including academic journals, books, banking regulations, and previous research, to examine the conceptual and operational differences between the two principles. The analysis reveals that conventional banks provide fixed or floating interest payments to savings customers, where the bank bears full responsibility for fund management while customers receive predetermined returns regardless of the bank’s actual performance. In contrast, Islamic banks apply a profit-sharing mechanism based on mudharabah contracts, where returns are variable and directly linked to the actual earnings generated from the investment of pooled funds. This system entails shared risk between the bank and the customer, aligning with Islamic ethical principles of justice and transparency. The study concludes that the fundamental divergence between the two systems lies in the nature of returns (fixed vs. variable) and the allocation of risk (borne solely by the bank vs. shared jointly). These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the distinct value propositions offered by conventional and Islamic banking institutions and provide insights for policymakers and practitioners in developing more inclusive financial products that cater to diverse customer preferences